The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.
“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published
survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the
topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.



-The results of the survey were based on only 2 topics, this cannot be generalised into the entire spectre of management issues.
- Participants may not be showing genuine interest in the mangement practises ,but putting up a false pretext for the survey.
- Topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs are more personal to the workers, i.e to say that they woud be gainig or losing out if these practises were implemented. This cannot be said for the entire range of management issues.
- How much of the worker demography does the 1200 workers surveyed represent?
- The percentage of workers apathetic towrads management may have increased, but the conclusion that workers overall are not apathetic towards management practises cannot be drawn from the argument.
- The general trend of workers attitude towards various management practises would have given a more conclusive evidence to the argument.


The above argument bases its conclusion on only a survey conducted on 1200 workers and over only 2 topics of a large spectre of management practises. This gives the impression that the conclusion is very generalised and the argument is based upon only a few factors. For example, the results of the survey were based on only 2 topics, this cannot be generalised onto the entire spectre of management issues. Similarly the percentage or the demography of the 1200 workers surveyed is not very explicitly stated in the reasoning of the argument. Providing a little more clarity regarding the above points will give the better support to the conclusion .
There are other factors that the argument does not address while reasoning out the conclusion. Prime among them would be the topics chosen for the survey and the method implemeted while conducting the survey. Topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs are more personal to the workers, i.e to say that they woud be gainig or losing out if these practises were implemented. This cannot be said for the entire range of management issues In much the same questionable case, the participants may not be showing genuine interest in the mangement practises ,but putting up a false pretext for the survey. Addressing all these issues fills up certain blanks left by the reasoning in the argument.
The percentage of workers apathetic towrads management may have increased, but the conclusion that workers overall are not apathetic towards management practises cannot be drawn from the argument. The general trend of workers attitude towards various management practises would have given a more conclusive evidence to the argument.

The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles.
"People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since aspartame can actually contribute to weight gain
rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have been shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a
chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed after at least 45 minutes of
continuous exercise, actually enhance the body’s ability to burn fat. Consequently, those who drink aspartame-sweetened juices after
exercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to
achieve their dietary goals."
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

-not enough factors to arrive at conclusion
-Its affects on the overall consumption of food, like its effect on consuming different types of food not known.
-Apart from tehse 2 factors there might be many more ways of achieving the dietary goals, which might not be possible in the case of sugar
In the above argment , only two factors are stated to arrive at the conclusion that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to achieve their dietary goals. There may well be many more factors that act in favour of people consuming aspartame and bring out the advantages of using aspartame over sugar.
Though there are disadvantages in using aspartame, there might also be certain disadvantages n using the same. The argument should explore both sides of the coin before coming to a conclusion. The mode of reasoning in the above argument is from only one side of the fence, it would have been held in better stead if the pros and cons of aspartame over sugar were discussed. The argument sould list the advantages and disadvantes of aspartame and then reason out the dominance of one aspect over the other.
The argument takes into consideration only ceratin factors before coming to a premature coclunsion. The conclusion must be reached taking into account the full spectrum of factors.